Everything about The Charlottetown Conference totally explained
The
Charlottetown Conference was held in
Charlottetown,
Prince Edward Island for representatives from the colonies of
British North America to discuss
Canadian Confederation. The conference took place between 1–9 September
1864.
The conference was originally planned as a meeting between representatives from the
Maritime colonies only:
Nova Scotia,
New Brunswick, and
Prince Edward Island.
Newfoundland was thought to have no interest in a union, so they were not invited.
Britain encouraged a
Maritime Union between these colonies, hoping that they'd then become less economically and politically dependent on the Crown, as well as provide for greater economic and military power for the region in light of the ongoing
U.S. Civil War. However another colony, the
Province of Canada (modern
Ontario and
Quebec), heard news of the planned conference and asked that the agenda be expanded to discuss a union that would also include them. Newfoundland also requested to be able to attend the conference in August 1864, but by then it was too late to change the plans.
Coincidentally there was a
circus in Charlottetown at the same time, which was much more interesting to the majority of the population. There was no one working at the public wharf at the foot of Great George Street when the Canadian delegates arrived on the steamship SS
Victoria, so Prince Edward Island representative
William Henry Pope had to handle receptions by himself, including rowing out to greet the new arrivals. The Canadian delegates stayed each night onboard the SS
Victoria as the circus and the Maritime delegates had taken up most of the accommodations in town.
The conference
The majority of the conference took place at the colony's legislative building,
Province House, although some social functions were held at
Government House, the home of the colony's
Governor.
The conference began on Thursday,
September 1 with a banquet for all of the delegates. Parties and banquets were in fact held each night after the day's discussions had ended (except for Sunday,
September 4, when they didn't meet). The representatives from the Province of Canada dominated the conference, overshadowing the concerns of the Maritimes, and laying out the foundations for the union that benefitted them the most. Four of the first five days (excluding Sunday) were spent outlining the Canadian position; the Maritime representatives didn't discuss their own plans until
September 6 and
September 7. Canadian delegate
George Brown spent two days discussing the details of the proposed constitution, which would keep Canada within the
British Empire, but wouldn't include any of the problems which had led to the
American Civil War, which was still raging at the time in the
United States.
The Maritimes were convinced that a wider union including the Province of Canada would also be beneficial to them, and that this union could be achieved within a few years, rather than in an undefined period in the future as they'd originally planned. The conference concluded on Wednesday,
September 7th, but the representatives agreed to meet again the next month in
Quebec City (see
Quebec Conference). A ball was also held on
September 8, after which, the delegates returned home.
The Delegates
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Adams George Archibald
Robert B. Dickey
William Alexander Henry
Jonathan McCully
Charles Tupper
Prince Edward Island
George Coles
John Hamilton Gray
Edward Palmer
Andrew Archibald Macdonald
William Henry Pope
Edward Whelan
George Brown
Alexander Campbell
George-Étienne Cartier
Alexander Tilloch Galt
John A. Macdonald
Hector-Louis Langevin
William McDougall
Thomas D'Arcy McGee
Further Information
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